Finance & money
699 finance and money calculators: loans, interest, savings, taxes, salaries, prices and business margins. Every tool shows the formula it uses and works out the answer right on the page, free in your browser.
Marginal Revenue from Total Revenue Calculator
Find the extra revenue per unit between two sales levels: moving from 100 units and 1200 in revenue to 130 units and 1650 adds 450 over 30 units, a marginal…
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Marginal Social Benefit Calculator
Count the full value of one more unit to society: a private benefit of 45 plus an external benefit of 15 gives a marginal social benefit of 60, the kind of gap…
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Marginal Utility from Total Utility Calculator
Find the extra satisfaction from consuming more: total utility rising from 42 to 50 as quantity goes from 5 to 6 items means a marginal utility of 8.
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Optimal markup from demand elasticity
Turn a demand elasticity into the profit-maximizing markup: an elasticity of 2 gives a markup of 100% over marginal cost, a price twice marginal cost and a…
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Mixed strategy Nash equilibrium 2×2 calculator
Find the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium of a 2×2 game from its eight payoffs: in matching pennies, each player plays each action with probability 0.5 and…
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Monopoly Deadweight Loss Calculator for a Linear Market
See how much welfare a monopoly loses by cutting output: with a demand intercept of 100, a slope of 2 and marginal cost of 20, output falls from 40 to 20, price…
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MPC from MPS calculator
Find how much of extra income gets spent: a household that saves 0.2 of each extra unit of disposable income spends 0.8, because the shares saved and spent…
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National income from GDP calculator
Go from GDP to national income step by step: GDP of 20000, depreciation of 2500, net foreign factor income of 150 and a statistical discrepancy of 40 give…
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Nominal to Real Wage CPI Calculator
Restate a wage in the buying power of another period: a wage of 30 when the CPI is 125 equals a real wage of 24 at a reference CPI of 100, an adjustment of…
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Okun's law output gap calculator
Estimate how far output sits from potential using unemployment: with unemployment at 6.5% against a natural rate of 4.5% and a coefficient of 2, output is about…
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Opportunity cost ratio calculator
Read the trade-off between two goods from a production possibilities table: moving from 0 X and 100 Y to 10 X and 80 Y costs 2 units of Y per extra X, or 0.5 X…
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Optimal Consumption Calculator
Test whether spending is balanced between two goods: marginal utilities of 18 and 6 against prices of 10 and 5 give an MRS of 3 versus a price ratio of 2, so…
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Output Gap Calculator
Compare actual GDP with potential GDP: actual output of 1020 against potential of 1000 is a gap of 20, or 2% above capacity, an inflationary gap.
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Payoff Matrix Expected Value Calculator for Mixed Strategies
Against an opponent who mixes three actions, the strategy paying −1, 5 and 4 averages 3.5, ahead of 2.3 and 1.4 for the other two.
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Third-Degree Price Discrimination Calculator
With a marginal cost of 20, the market with elasticity −2 gets a price of 40 and the one with −4 gets a lower price: the less elastic market always pays more.
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Price elasticity of demand midpoint calculator
When the price rises from 10 to 12 and the quantity bought falls from 100 to 80, the midpoint method gives an absolute elasticity above 1, so demand is elastic.
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Price Floor Surplus Calculator
With equilibrium at a price of 30, a floor of 40 cuts purchases to 20 units while sellers offer 50, leaving a surplus of 30 units.
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Quantity supplied from a linear supply function calculator
With an intercept of −20 and a slope of 4, a price of 15 gives a quantity supplied of 40. Enter the two numbers of your supply line and one price; a result…
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Quantity theory of money calculator
With money of 1000 turning over 5 times and a price level of 2, real output must be 2500, because MV = PQ.
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Quintile Income Share Ratio Calculator (S80/S20)
If the richest fifth receives 45.2% of income and the poorest fifth 7.8%, the S80/S20 ratio is about 5.8: the top group gets 5.8 times the bottom group's share.
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Real exchange rate calculator
A nominal rate of 20 with domestic prices at 100 and foreign prices at 120 gives a real exchange rate of 24, because foreign goods cost relatively more.
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Required Reserves Calculator
With 1,250,000 in reservable deposits and an 8.5% requirement, a bank must hold 106,250; holding 150,000 leaves 43,750 in excess reserves available to lend.
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Second-price auction calculator
With bids of 100, 95 and 80, the bidder at 100 wins but pays only 95, the second-highest bid, keeping a surplus of 5.
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Two-Player Shapley Value Calculator
If one player makes 40 alone, the other 60, and together they create 140, the Shapley value assigns 60 and 80: each keeps their standalone value plus half of…
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Subsidy incidence calculator
A subsidy of 10 per unit with demand elasticity 0.5 and supply elasticity 1.5 goes 75% to buyers (7.5) and 25% to sellers (2.5), no matter who receives the…
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Per-Unit Subsidy Market Effect Calculator
With a subsidy of 9 per unit, quantity rises from 40 to 46, buyers pay 27 instead of 30, sellers receive 36, and the government spends 414 in total.
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Supply schedule table from linear supply function
With supply starting at 0 and rising by 2 units per unit of price, prices from 0 to 10 in steps of 2 give quantities 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20.
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Supply Shift New Equilibrium Calculator
A rightward supply shift of 25 units moves the market from a price of 20 and a quantity of 80 to a price of 15 and a quantity of 90, with demand held fixed.
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Tariff Consumer Surplus Loss Calculator
When a tariff lifts the price from 20 to 26 and purchases fall from 1000 to 760, consumers lose 5280: 4560 paid extra on the units they still buy and 720 on the…
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Tariff Revenue Calculator
A tariff of 8 per item on 5000 imports, with 250 fewer items imported for each unit of price rise, cuts imports by 2000 and collects 24000 on the 3000 that…
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Theil index calculator
Four unequal incomes totalling 100, with a mean of 25, give a Theil index that is positive but far below its ceiling for four people: inequality exists, yet it…
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Total market surplus calculator
With demand starting at a price of 100 and falling by 2 per unit, and supply starting at 20 and rising by 3, the market clears at 16 units and a price of 68…
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Consumption beyond PPF from trade
A country that can make 100 units of X or 50 of Y specializes in X, trades at 1 Y per X and consumes 50 of each good, a bundle outside its own production…
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Value of Marginal Product of Labor Calculator
If one more hour of work produces 8 items that sell for 15 each, its value of marginal product is 120; at a labor cost of 100, that hour adds 20, so the signal…
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Zero-Sum Game Value Calculator
Enter the four payoffs of a 2x2 zero-sum game and get its value: the matrix 3, -1 / 0, 2 is worth 1 to the row player, who should pick the second row twice as…
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Reverse percentage calculator
If a final amount of 120 includes a 20% increase, the original was 100, found by dividing by 1.20 rather than taking 20% off.
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Rent vs Buy Equipment Calculator
Decide whether to hire or buy a tool or machine: 12 days at 85 a day plus 120 in fees cost 1,140 to rent, while buying for 1,200 plus 90 and reselling for 350…
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Future value annuity due calculator
Paying 1,000 at the start of each year for 10 years at 5% grows to 13,206.79, which is 628.89 more than paying at the end.
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Loan monthly payment calculator
Find the fixed monthly installment for any loan: 25,000 at 6.5% over 60 months costs 489.15 a month and 4,349.22 in total interest.
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Two loan comparison calculator
Put two loan offers side by side: 250,000 at 6.5% over 30 years costs 1,580.17 a month, while 5.9% over 15 years costs 2,096.16 but saves 191,552.52 in…
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Mortgage total cost calculator
A 300,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years costs 682,633.47 in total: 382,633.47 of it is interest, 56.05% of everything you pay.
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Dividend yield calculator
A dividend of 2.4 a year on a share priced at 80 is a 3% dividend yield; if the price halves and the payout stays, the yield doubles to 6%.
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FIRE target portfolio calculator
Turn yearly spending into the portfolio your FIRE plan has to reach: 40,000 at the classic 4% rule means 1,000,000.
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Bond current yield calculator
A 60 coupon on a bond quoted at 950 is a current yield of 6.3158%; at a 1,000 quote it would be 6%.
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IRA growth calculator
Project what your IRA could be worth: 10,000 today plus 6,500 a year for 30 years at 7% grows to 690,117.66, of which 205,000 is money you put in.
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Short vs long-term capital gains calculator
On a 20,000 gain, a 32% short-term rate means 6,400 of tax and a 15% long-term rate means 3,000, so waiting for the long-term rate saves 3,400.
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Add sales tax calculator
At 8.25%, a pre-tax price of 100 carries 8.25 of tax and a gross of 108.25, and any known sales tax rate is added the same way.
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Contribution margin calculator
A product sold at 50 with a variable cost of 30 leaves a contribution margin of 20 per unit, a 40% ratio.
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Net present value calculator
Invest 10,000 today, receive 3,000, 4,200 and 6,800 over three periods, discount at 10%, and the NPV is 1,307.29: accept.
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Credit utilization ratio calculator
One card with 1,200 owed on a 4,000 limit and another with 800 on 2,000 add up to 33.33% credit utilization, just above the 30% guideline.
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Return on assets calculator
See how hard a company's assets work: 50,000 of net income on 500,000 of total assets is an ROA of 0.1, or 10%.
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Working capital calculator
Current assets of 150,000 against current liabilities of 80,000 leave 70,000 of net working capital and a current ratio of 1.875.
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Impermanent loss calculator
If one token's price doubles against the other, a 50/50 pool position ends about 5.72% behind simply holding the tokens; a fourfold move costs 20%.
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Housing cost ratio calculator
See what share of gross income goes to housing: 1,800 of housing costs on 6,000 of monthly income is 30%, right at the common 30% rule.
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Cheaper package unit price calculator
Pack A costs 3.49 for 16 ounces and pack B 5.99 for 32: per ounce that is 0.218125 against 0.1871875, so B is the better buy.
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Cross-price elasticity of demand calculator
If demand for one good rises 5% when another good's price rises 10%, the cross-price elasticity is 0.5 and the goods are substitutes.
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Consumer surplus linear demand calculator
If the most buyers would pay is 100 and that falls by 2 per unit, a market price of 40 means 30 units are bought and consumer surplus is 900.
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Unit-elastic price calculator
For demand that starts at a price of 100 and falls by 2 per unit, elasticity equals 1 at a price of 50 and a quantity of 25, where revenue peaks at 1250.
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Marginal cost from cost function calculator
Get marginal cost straight from a quadratic cost function: with a fixed cost of 100, coefficients of 20 and 2, and an output of 10, marginal cost is 60, total…
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Producer tax burden calculator
With a pre-tax price of 10, a tax of 2 and elasticities of 1 on both sides, sellers bear half: they now receive 9 while buyers pay 11.
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