Travel & geography
328 travel and geography tools: distances between places, coordinates, fuel and trip costs, weather indices and local time. Plan a route or check a figure before you leave, free in your browser.
Travel pace to speed
A 12-minute-per-kilometre walk is 5 km/h, so a 10 km city tour takes 2 hours on the move. Enter your pace and distance to get the speed in km/h and mph and the…
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Driver reaction distance calculator
At 90 km/h a car covers 25 metres every second, so a 1.5-second reaction means 37.5 metres before the brakes even start.
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Car total cost of ownership calculator
Over 5 years at 12,000 miles a year and 30 mpg, a car burns 2,000 gallons, and that fuel joins purchase, insurance, maintenance and 15% yearly depreciation in…
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Axle Weight Distribution Calculator
A 2,000 kg vehicle with a 3 m wheelbase and its center of gravity 1.2 m behind the front axle puts 1,200 kg on the front axle and 800 kg on the rear, a 60/40…
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EV kWh per 100 miles calculator
30 kWh used over 150 miles is 20 kWh per 100 miles and 12.4274 kWh per 100 km: the sticker-style labels worked out from the energy and distance you actually…
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Rolling resistance power calculator
A 1,500 kg car with a rolling coefficient of 0.015 needs about 6 kW of continuous power at 100 km/h just to overcome its tyres' rolling resistance.
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Route time savings calculator
Route A, 120 km at 80 km/h, takes 90 minutes; route B, 135 km at 100 km/h plus a 5-minute detour, takes 86, so the longer road saves 4 minutes.
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Speedometer calibration factor calculator
A calibration factor of 1.05 turns an indicated 60 mph into an actual 63 mph, plus five percent. Enter the old and new rolling diameters, drive ratios or both…
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Underinflation fuel penalty calculator
Tires at 30 PSI instead of the recommended 35 are 5 PSI low, which at 0.2% per PSI costs 1% of your fuel economy.
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Engine volumetric efficiency calculator from airflow and RPM
A 5-liter four-stroke engine flowing 480 CFM at 6,000 rpm reaches 90.61% volumetric efficiency, against a theoretical 529.72 CFM.
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Wheel torque calculator
250 N·m from the engine in a 3.5 first gear with a 3.73 final drive becomes 3263.75 N·m at the driven axle, through an overall ratio of 13.055.
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Best runway for wind calculator
With wind from 250 degrees at 18 knots and runways 09, 18 and 27 available, runway 27 comes out first: it shares the lowest crosswind with 09 but gets headwind…
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EV off-peak charging savings
Shift all 3,600 kWh of a year's charging to off-peak hours and you save the full price gap on every kilowatt-hour; the calculator shows the peak-only cost, the…
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Initial flight bearing calculator from airport coordinates
From latitude 51.4706, longitude -0.461941 to latitude 40.6413, longitude -73.7781, the shortest route over the globe sets off at 287.937966° from true north.
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Temperature at altitude calculator
With 20 °C measured at an airfield 250 m up, the air at 3,000 m comes out at 2.13 °C, after 2,750 m of climb at the standard lapse rate.
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Cold Temperature Altimeter Error and Altitude Correction Calculator
At 3,000 ft indicated over a 1,000 ft aerodrome at −20 °C, the aircraft is 230.8 ft lower than the altimeter shows, at 2,769.2 ft true altitude.
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Contingency fuel calculator
A 2,000-unit trip with 5% contingency adds 100 units, and a 300-unit final reserve brings the total to 2,400: trip fuel, the percentage on top and the fixed…
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EV range at highway speed calculator
At 20 kWh per 100 km, a 75 kWh pack covers 375 km of motorway, well short of a mixed-cycle sticker.
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Horizontal sextant angle distance calculator
Two landmarks 2 nautical miles apart, seen 30° apart through the sextant, put you 3.7321 nautical miles off their baseline and 3.8637 from each one.
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Sailboat VMG from polar calculator
Sailing at 6.5 knots on a true wind angle of 45 degrees, you close on an upwind mark at 4.596194 knots.
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Time to waypoint at knots calculator
With 24.5 nautical miles to go at 7 knots, you reach the waypoint in 3.5 hours, or 3 h 30 min. Enter the distance left and your speed over ground to get the…
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Boat metacentric height stability
With a GM of 0.5 m, a displacement of 1000 tonnes and 5° of heel, the righting lever GZ is 0.043577871374 m and the righting moment 43.577871373829…
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Sea route great-circle distance calculator
From Miami to Bermuda the great circle measures 899.560522 nautical miles, and you leave on a true course of about 60 degrees.
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Trip Average Spend per Day Calculator
A 9-day trip and a 3-day trip can cost the same in total yet show very different spending: divide the total by the days, fractions like 2.5 included, and get…
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Vacation fund per paycheck calculator
With a fifth of your trip budget already saved and 12 paychecks to go, each paycheck needs to cover one twelfth of what is left.
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Overnight layover cost calculator
One hotel night at 145, three meals of 22.5 for each of two travelers and 48 in transfers bring an overnight layover to 328, so it still beats a 390…
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Spherical law of cosines distance calculator
Find the distance between two points with the spherical law of cosines: from 40.7128, -74.006 to 51.5074, -0.1278 the central angle is 50.09421156°, or…
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Nearest point on a great-circle segment
For a point at latitude 30, longitude 45 and a leg from 0, 0 to 0, 90, the closest point is 0, 45: halfway along and 30° of arc away.
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Earth arc length from central angle calculator
A 90° central angle on a sphere of 6371008.8 m, the mean Earth radius, is a quarter of the circumference: just over ten thousand kilometres of surface.
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Geodesic segment length calculator
Measure the shortest path over the Earth's surface between two coordinates: from 40.7128, -74.006 to 51.5074, -0.1278 it is 5570.229874 km, shown in metres and…
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True to magnetic bearing calculator
A true bearing of 90° with 7.5° east declination becomes 82.5° magnetic: enter the bearing and the signed declination, and the result is wrapped into the…
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Convex Hull Perimeter Calculator for Cartesian Points
Six points, the 4 corners of a 4 by 3 rectangle plus an interior point and a repeat, give a perimeter of 14 using only the corners.
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Geodesic polygon area calculator on the WGS84 ellipsoid
A one-degree square at the equator, from 0° to 1° of latitude and longitude, covers 12308776177.673 m², or 1230877.6177673 hectares.
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Polygon interior angles from ordered vertices
For the notched shape (0, 0), (4, 0), (4, 3), (2, 1), (0, 3), the two square corners measure 90° and the inward corner at (2, 1) comes out as a reflex angle…
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Spherical triangle area calculator from latitude and longitude
Give three corners by latitude and longitude and get the area they enclose on a sphere: the triangle from the equator at 0° and 90° east up to the North Pole…
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Degrees decimal minutes to DMS converter
40° 26.78′ N becomes 40° 26′ 46.8″ N: the whole minutes stay, the leftover 0.78 of a minute times 60 gives the seconds, and the hemisphere letter is kept.
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Normalize bearing to 0–360 degrees
725.5° becomes 5.5° and -10° becomes 350°: any bearing, however many turns it carries, lands in the range from 0 up to but not including 360, so north is always…
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UTM zone number from longitude
Longitude 6° at latitude 60° lies in UTM zone 32, central meridian 9°, under the Norway rule. Enter a longitude to get its zone from 1 to 60, and add the…
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Approximate H3 hex index
Place a latitude and longitude in a hexagonal grid cell: 37.7749 and -122.4194 at resolution 7 fall in cell ah3-7-n6l-p20, with its center and approximate edge…
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Recover a shortened Plus Code from nearby coordinates
Give the short code 9G8F+6X and a nearby point such as 47.36559, 8.524997, and you get back the full Plus Code 8FVC9G8F+6X with its center and the edges of its…
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Quadkey to Tile XYZ Converter
Read a quadkey as a tile position: 1203 is column 9, row 5 at zoom 4. Each digit picks one of four quarters, so the length of the key is the zoom.
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Three meter grid index
Latitude 51.520847 and longitude -0.195521 fall in cell 5245474.4146823, row 5245474 of a grid whose cells are about three metres wide.
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Miller cylindrical projection calculator for latitude and longitude
With a radius of 6371008.8 m, latitude 40.7128 and longitude -74.006 land at x -8229103.108 and y 4792635.837 on the Miller cylindrical map.
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Stereographic projection calculator
Project a point onto a stereographic plane around any center you choose: centered on 40.7128, -74.006, the point 51.5074, -0.1278 lands at x 4641357.48593 m and…
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ECEF to local ENU converter
A point at X 6378137, Y 100, Z 50 m seen from an origin at 0° latitude and 0° longitude is 100 m east, 50 m north and 0 m up.
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Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection calculator
Project a latitude and longitude onto a Lambert azimuthal equal-area map centered where you choose, in metres east and north: the center itself, such as 45° N…
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Course Over Ground from Vectors
Steering east at 12 knots with a 3-knot current setting south gives a course over ground of 104.036243° and a speed of 12.369317 knots.
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Equal Time Point Calculator for Flight Planning
On a 600 nm route at 180 kt onward and 140 kt back, the equal time point lies 262.5 nm from departure and 337.5 nm from destination, 112.5 minutes away either…
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Travel time from distance and speed calculator
120 km at 80 km/h takes 1.5 hours, which is 90 minutes or 5,400 seconds: enter a distance and a steady speed in matching units and get the duration in all three…
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Descent Gradient and Top of Descent Calculator
Descending from 35000 ft to 3000 ft at 3° means losing 32000 ft and starting 100.491239 nautical miles before the target, with a 5.240778 % gradient.
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Dogleg route distance calculator
Going through a waypoint instead of straight to the destination added 12.517 km to a 3935.752 km trip, a 0.318 % detour.
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Three-dimensional distance
A horizontal distance of 120 m with a 50 m height difference gives a direct distance of 130 m. Enter the ground distance and the elevation change in one unit…
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Horizon dip angle calculator from observer height
See how far below level the horizon sits from a given eye height: at 10 metres the dip is about a tenth of a degree and the horizon is roughly 11 km away, on a…
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Turn anticipation distance calculator
With a 1500 m turn radius and a 60° course change, the turn should begin 866.0254037844 m before the waypoint.
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Distance from Angle and Height Calculator
An object 30 m tall seen at an elevation angle of 35° stands 42.84444020226344 m away on level ground.
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Vertical exaggeration factor calculator for terrain profiles
A profile drawn at 1:10,000 vertically and 1:50,000 horizontally exaggerates relief 5 times. Enter the two scale denominators and see how much taller slopes and…
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Viewshed point visibility test over a terrain profile
With observer and target 2 m above a profile rising from 100 to 104 over 1000 m, the target is visible and the tightest spot, at 250 m, clears by 2 m.
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Fishnet grid from bounding box
Split a bounding box into a regular grid of square cells: from 2° W to 0.5° E and 50° to 52° N with 1° cells you get 2 rows and 3 columns, the last column…
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Total pairwise distance calculator for latitude and longitude points
Four locations make six pairs, and this calculator adds the shortest over-the-globe distance of each pair exactly once, giving one total in kilometres, miles…
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Great-circle equator crossing longitude and bearing calculator
Give a start point and a heading and see where the great circle first meets the equator: leaving 40° N, 73° W on a bearing of 120°, the route crosses…
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