Travel & geography
328 travel and geography tools: distances between places, coordinates, fuel and trip costs, weather indices and local time. Plan a route or check a figure before you leave, free in your browser.
Quadrant bearing to azimuth converter
Turn a quadrant bearing into a whole-circle azimuth without remembering which quadrants add or subtract: S 60 W becomes 240°, measured clockwise from north.
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Densify a geodesic line with evenly spaced latitude/longitude vertices
Give a line and a maximum gap, and extra points are inserted along each segment: with a 60000 m limit, a route of three points becomes five, every gap under 60…
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Minimum bounding rectangle calculator for 2D points
For the points (-2, 3), (4, -1), (1, 5) and (0, 2), the smallest upright rectangle runs from (-2, -1) to (4, 5), with width 6, height 6 and area 36.
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Convex hull of points
For the points (0, 0), (4, 0), (4, 3), (0, 3) and (2, 1), the convex hull is the rectangle formed by the first four, and (2, 1) stays inside.
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Polygon edge bearings
For the square (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0), the four edges head 90°, 0°, 270.008726° and 180° from true north, with the last edge closing back to the start.
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Polygon convexity test
The rectangle (0, 0), (4, 0), (4, 3), (0, 3) is convex: every corner turns the same way, counterclockwise.
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Spherical excess polygon area
Get the real surface area of a polygon defined by GPS corners: a one-degree box at the equator covers 12,364.031909 km².
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Geographic radians to degrees converter for coordinates
A latitude of 0.7105724077059474 radians is 40.7128° in decimal degrees. Choose latitude or longitude, enter the radian value and get degrees checked against…
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Degrees decimal minutes to decimal degrees converter
Type 40° 26.767′ N and get 40.44611666666667: the minutes are divided by 60 and added to the degrees, and south or west makes the result negative, ready for a…
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Planar polygon perimeter
Corners at easting 500000 to 500100 and northing 4649776 to 4649876 give a perimeter of 400, with four edges of 100, in the same units as your grid.
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Wrap longitude to 0–360°
A western longitude of -74.006° becomes 285.994° on the 0–360 axis that climate and ocean datasets use.
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UTM latitude band letter
Latitude 40.7128 is band T, which covers 40° to 48° north. Enter a latitude between 80° south and 84° north and get its letter, the edges of that band and…
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Web Mercator ground resolution calculator
At the equator and zoom 0, one pixel of a standard web map covers 156,543.033928 m and a full 256-pixel tile 40,075,016.6856 m.
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Albers equal-area projection calculator
Enter Washington (38.9072, −77.0369) and standard parallels at 29.5° and 45.5°, and you get its X and Y in metres on an equal-area cone.
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Geohash child cells
The geohash u4pruyd splits into 32 children, from u4pruyd0 to u4pruydz, each one character longer and together covering the whole parent cell.
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Hammer projection calculator
Turn a latitude and longitude into x and y on a Hammer equal-area world map: 40.7128 and -74.006 with radius 1 land at x -1.0184 and y 0.728045, centered on the…
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Point to hex grid cell
Find which hexagon a flat-map point falls in: with hexagons measuring 10 from center to corner, the point at x 18 and y 9 lands in column 1, row 0, ready for…
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Orthographic projection calculator
Viewed from far out in space above 0, 0, the point 40.7128, -74.006 lands at x -0.7286473179 and y 0.6522677564 on a globe disk of radius 1, on the visible…
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Easting and northing to OSGB grid reference converter
Easting 530000 and northing 180000 become TQ 300 800 at three digits per coordinate, the usual 100 m reference on British maps.
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Plate Carrée projection calculator
Latitude 40.7484 and longitude -73.9857 become x -73.9857 and y 40.7484, still in degrees. On the Plate Carrée map, longitude is the horizontal axis and…
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Shorten Plus Code
Near the reference point 47.5, 8.5, the full Plus Code 8FVC9G8F+6X shortens to 9G8F+6X: the first four characters go, because the nearby area already supplies…
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S2 cube face from lat/lon
Find which of the six S2 cube faces a point falls on: San Francisco at 37.7749, -122.4194 lands on face 4, the -Y face, at u -0.918061185048 and v…
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Sinusoidal projection calculator
Place a point on the equal-area sinusoidal map: 45° north and 30° east on a unit sphere become x 0.3702402448 and y 0.7853981634.
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US State Plane zone finder
Find the State Plane zone for a US location from its state and coordinates: 34.0522, -118.2437 in California falls in California V, FIPS zone 0405.
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Slippy tile bounding box
Get the full rectangle covered by any web map tile from its column, row and zoom: tile 0/0/0 spans the whole world, from -180° to 180° in longitude and from…
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Slippy map tiles covering a bounding box
List every map tile that covers a bounding box at the zoom you choose: the box from -74.02 to -73.98 longitude and 40.7 to 40.73 latitude needs 4 tiles at zoom…
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USNG grid to latitude and longitude
The reference 18S UJ 23483 06479 becomes latitude 38.88946739 and longitude -77.03523639, the centre of a 1 m cell.
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ETA from distance and speed
150 km at a steady 60 km/h takes 2.5 hours, shown as 2 h 30 min. Enter the distance and the speed in matching units, such as miles and mph or nautical miles and…
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ECEF to geodetic converter
X 6378137, Y 0, Z 0 m is the point at 0° latitude, 0° longitude and 0 m height. Paste the XYZ metres from a GNSS receiver or a textbook and get geodetic…
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Grid declination offset calculator
Combine grid convergence and magnetic declination into every north correction at once: with 2.25° and 7.5° east, grid declination is 5.25°, and you add −5.25°…
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Point of no return calculator
With 5 hours of usable endurance, 120 knots out and 180 knots back, the point of no return is 360 nautical miles from the start: 3 hours outbound and 2 hours…
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Unit vector to latitude and longitude
A unit vector with z at 0.5 and equal x and y points to latitude 30°, longitude 45°: enter the three components and get the place on the sphere in degrees, with…
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Velocity made good to waypoint
At 8 knots on a course of 45° toward a mark bearing 30°, you close on it at 7.727407 knots. Enter speed, course and bearing in the same frame and see how much…
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Wind triangle solver
Flying a heading of 90° at 100 knots with 20 knots of wind from 0°, your track becomes 101.309932° and your ground speed 101.98039 knots.
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Glide distance from altitude
Find how far an aircraft can glide without power: 1000 metres above the field with a 10 to 1 glide ratio gives a still-air reach of 10 kilometres, also shown in…
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Great-circle vertex latitude calculator from point and bearing
Start at 51.4778° N, 0.0015° W on a bearing of 60° and find where your great circle turns back toward the equator: the latitude and longitude of its…
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Next waypoint ETA calculator
At 25 km/h on a 76° leg, a fix at 37.7749, -122.4194 is 13.43 km from the waypoint 37.8044, -122.2712 and gets there in about 32 min 14 s.
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Route total distance
Get the total length of a route through several GPS points, leg by leg: the three waypoints in the example add up to 327.98509 km, or 203.800486 miles, as the…
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Speed made good calculator
Work out how fast you really advanced between two position fixes: two points 5.314523 km apart and half an hour apart give 10.629047 km/h, or 5.739226 knots…
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Turn radius from speed, bank angle, or turn rate
At 120 knots with a 25° bank, a coordinated turn needs a radius of 833.3860599903 m, or 2734.206233564 ft.
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Slope angle to grade percentage calculator
A slope of about 5.71° is a 10% grade: 10 units of rise for every 100 units of horizontal run. Enter the angle in degrees, positive uphill or negative downhill…
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Contour interval from map scale and terrain relief
A 1:50,000 map of an area with 600 m of relief gets a 20 m contour interval, about 30 bands from lowest to highest point.
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Terrain line of sight calculator
Check whether a straight line of sight clears the terrain between observer and target: over the profile 100, 105, 120, 110 and 95 m with the eye 1.7 m up, the…
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Net elevation change
For the profile 100, 120, 110, 150, 140 m, the net change is 40 m, yet the route climbs 60 m in total and descends 20 m.
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Atmospheric refraction correction calculator for surveying
Remove the effect of atmospheric refraction from a surveyed vertical angle: a 1.25° sight over 5000 m is lowered by about twenty-one arcseconds, roughly half a…
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Slope degrees between two points
Find the slope angle between two points from run and rise: a run of 120 and a rise of 30 give a ratio of 0.25 and an angle of 14.036243°, uphill.
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Mutual visibility range
Find how far apart two raised objects can be and still see each other over the horizon: a 30 m lookout and a 100 m mast reach about 19.5 km and 35.7 km, so they…
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Buffer radius bounding box calculator for latitude and longitude
A 1000 m buffer around 51.5074, −0.1278 becomes the four limits of the smallest latitude and longitude rectangle that encloses it, with flags for the…
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Point distance matrix
Enter up to 200 points and get every pairwise great-circle distance in kilometres in one table: three points give a 3 × 3 grid with zeros on the diagonal and…
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K nearest neighbor points
Rank a list of places by great-circle distance from one point and keep the closest k: from 40.4168, -3.7038, the nearest three of four candidates are…
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Mean center of points
Find the central point of a set of locations on the globe rather than averaging degrees on a flat grid: three sample points give a mean center at 40.4125978922…
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Standard distance of points
Score how compact a cloud of points is with one number: (0,0), (3,4) and (6,0) have their mean center at (3, 1.333333333333) and a standard distance of…
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Switchback count estimate
Estimate how many switchbacks a climb needs: 100 m of gain at a 10% maximum grade with 50 m legs means 20 legs and 19 switchbacks, each leg rising 5 m.
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Authalic latitude calculator
At 45° geodetic latitude on WGS 84, the authalic latitude is 44.8717028734°: the angle a sphere needs to keep the same area from the equator.
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Bounding box contains check
An outer box from (0, 0) to (10, 10) fully contains an inner box from (2, 3) to (5, 7): all four edges nest.
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Bounding box union
Two boxes, one from latitude 40.7 to 40.8 and one from 40.75 to 40.9, merge into a single box from 40.7 to 40.9, with longitudes from −74.1 to −73.85.
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Concave hull approximation from point coordinates
Five points with a threshold of 3 give a hull that dips inward to (2, 1), with 1 point inserted, an area of 14 and 3 edges still longer than the target.
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Round coordinate precision
Rounding 40.712812345, −74.006012345 to 4 decimals gives 40.7128, −74.006, a precision of about 11.132 m north to south.
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Circular geofence check
A point 6283.257836 m from the centre of a 10000 m geofence is inside, with 3716.742164 m to spare.
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Grid-based point clustering
Four coordinates on a 1° grid fall into three occupied cells, and the cell at latitude 40 to 41, longitude -74 to -73 holds two of them.
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